The following table and figure are taking from:

A Report prepared for the BC Lung Association: Health and Air Quality
2002 - Phase 1:
Authors: BATES, D.V., KOENIG, J., BRAUER, M., & CATON, R.
May 2003: pp120:

Table 3

Summary of effects of individual air pollutants and mixtures at current ambient levels of exposure*

Pollutant	Definite Effects	Probable Effects	Possible Effects
Fine Particles (PM10, PM2.5)	Time-series and cohort association with daily respiratory and cardiac mortality Aggravation of asthma Increased hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiac conditions Depressed lung function in schoolchildren (acute & chronic) Increased prevalence of bronchitis Increased risk of lung cancer Increased school absences Increase in banded neutrophils	Aggravation of acute respiratory infections Increased risk of wheezy bronchitis in infants 4-12 months Decreased rate of lung growth in children Increased exhaled NO Tachycardia in the elderly Reduced heart rate variability Increased c-reactive protein Increased blood vessel constriction	Decreased birth weight Increased blood fibrinogen Increased asthma prevalence
Diesel Emissions (in addition to particle effects)	Increased response to allergens Increased airway inflammation	Increased risk of lung cancer
Wood smoke (in addition to particle effects)	Aggravation of asthma Increased hospital respiratory admissions Increased respiratory infections		Increased mortality
Ozone	Increased hospital admissions for acute respiratory diseases Aggravation of asthma Increased bronchial responsiveness Increased response to SO2 Increased reduced activity days Increased school absences for respiratory illness Reduced lung function	Effect on mortality Increased sensitivity to allergens	Aggravation of acute respiratory infections Chronic bronchiolitis with repetitive exposure Increased prevalence of asthma
Aerosol sulphates & nitrates	Reduced visibility Decreased mucociliary clearance (in rabbits) (H2SO4)	May be partly responsible for effects of PM2.5 Decreased lung function in adolescents with asthma	May increase all effects of concomitant ozone
Acid aerosols (combined gases & particles)	Aggravation of asthma	Increased prevalence of bronchitis	May increase all effects of concomitant ozone
Sulphur dioxide	Acute bronchoconstriction in asthmatics Increased chronic bronchitis	Increased prevalence of lung cancer Increased nasal congestion (work of breathing)	Interaction with particles in relation to mortality and morbidity effects Increased prevalence of chronic bronchitis
Nitrogen dioxide	Increased respiratory morbidity & infections Aggravation of asthma in children Lowered FVC and FEV1 Increased response to ozone	Increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness to inhaled methacholine Chronic respiratory bronchiolitis	Interaction with particles in relation to mortality and morbidity effects
Carbon monoxide	Increased cardiac ischemia	Increased hospital cardiac admissions Decreased birth weight	Increased cardiac mortality Increased birth defects Interaction with particles in relation to mortality and morbidity effects
Hydrogen sulphide	Central nervous system and respiratory symptoms Eye irritation Mortality at very high concentrations	Chronic sinusitis

* Adapted from Table 4.3, A Citizen's Guide to Air Pollution, second edition, The David Suzuki Foundation, 2002. D.V. Bates & R.B. Caton, eds.)

Figure 3

Hierarchy of air pollution health effects